Ano-rectal Abscess/Anal Fistula

定义

An anal abscess is a pus-filled pocket around the anus and 直肠. It may be near the surface of the anal opening or deeper in the 直肠.

If left untreated, it can lead to an 肛瘘或感染.

原因

An anal abscess is caused by a bacterial infection. 这是可能发生的 when there is a blockage in one or more of the anal glands. Or it may be from a tear in the anal tissue (fissure).

肛门

风险因素

Anal abscesses are more common in men. Other things that may raise the risk are:

Certain health problems, such as 克罗恩病 , 溃疡性结肠炎，或性方面 transmitted infections
Medicines that suppress the immune system
怀孕
肛交
糖尿病

症状

症状 depend on where the anal abscess is located. 问题可能是:

Painful bowel movements
Pain and tenderness—from an abscess that is near the surface
Lower belly pain—from an abscess that is deeper in the 直肠
Redness and swelling of an abscess that is near the surface
排水
发热

诊断

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. 一个物理检查就完成了. An abscess near the surface of the skin may be seen during the exam. The doctor may also do a digital (finger) exam of the 直肠. This is often enough to diagnose an anal abscess.

Imaging tests are not usually needed, but may include:

治疗

An anal abscess needs to be treated right away. 这通常 involves making an incision in the anus and draining the abscess. 这可以在 the doctor's office or in the hospital. The type of procedure depends on its location 和深度.

Medicines may also be needed to:

Ease pain and swelling
预防感染

预防

The risk of an anal abscess can be lowered by managing health problems that raise the risk of infection.

参考文献

Abscess and fistula expanded information. 美国社会 of 结肠 and Rectal Surgeons 网站. 可以在: http://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information.
肛门直肠的脓肿. Johns Hopkins Medicine 网站. 可用在:http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anorectal-abscess.
Cohee MW, Hurff A, et al. Benign anorectal conditions: evaluation and management. 我的家庭医生. 2020;101(1):24-33.
Fistula in ano and anorectal abscess. EBSCO力学网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/fistula-in-ano-and-anorectal-abscess.
Vogel JD, Johnson EK, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula. Dis结肠直肠. 2016;59(12):1117-1133.