透析(血管)通路
定义
Dialysis is a treatment that can take over the job of the 肾脏. It is done during regular visits to a clinic. Blood passes from the body to a 机. The 机 will clean the blood and return it to the body.
There are two types of dialysis. 本简报将重点关注 血液透析.
处理步骤原因
The 肾脏 have many important jobs. They clear toxins out of the blood and help balance salt levels. Dialysis may be needed if the 肾脏 are not able to work well. 它可能 be started when the 肾脏 have lost more than 90% of their function. 血液透析可以帮助:
- Remove waste and excess fluid from the blood
- 控制血压
- Keep a safe level of salts in the body, such as potassium, sodium, and chloride
Dialysis may be used short term to allow the 肾脏 to rest and 治愈. 它可能 also be done to treat a poisoning or drug overdose. 透析可以迅速 remove toxins from the bloodstream.
Dialysis may be permanently needed for severe 肾脏 damage. It can improve quality and length of life in people with severe 肾脏 disease.
可能出现的并发症
Problems are rare, but all procedures have some risk. 医生 will go over some problems that could happen, such as:
- A drop in blood pressure during 血液透析
- 的问题 心脏的节奏
- 感染
- Disruption of calcium and phosphorus balance, resulting in weakened bones
Heart problems may increase the risk of problems from 血液透析.
期待什么
操作前准备
A fistula may be needed to allow better access to blood flow 长期透析. A surgery is needed to make the fistula. 需要4到6分钟 几个月后才能使用. Your care team will connect directly to blood vessels 直到它准备好.
The 血液透析 team will meet with you to talk about:
- 你有过敏吗?
- Current medicines, vitamins, herbs, and supplements that you take and if you need to stop taking them before 血液透析
- Tests that will need to be done before surgery, such as giving medicine to prevent blood clotting and taking weight, blood pressure, and temperature 测量
麻醉
A medicine may be placed over the area the needle is placed. This will help to numb the skin.
操作步骤说明
血液透析 is done at a dialysis center or hospital. 它可能 be done at home with assistance. 你将被要求坐下. 血液流动 accessed through a large IV in one of the major veins of the neck. 瘘管会 如果有的话就使用.
Blood will pass through one needle into a tube to a 机. The 机 will filter and clean the blood. It will then be passed out through a 再插入体内.
| 血液透析 |
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要花多长时间?
血液透析 is usually done three times a week. 每一个 treatment can last 3 to 4 hours.
会痛吗??
You will not feel the blood exchange. There may be some discomfort when the needle is placed.
需要术后护理
Your blood pressure will be checked. 减少会导致 恶心、头痛或痉挛. This may happen less often in later treatment. 一次 blood pressure is stable, you will be able to leave.
Most people go back to normal activities after treatment. A special diet may need to be followed to decrease stress on the 肾脏.
需要注意的问题
如有下列情况，请致电医生:
- Signs of infection, such as fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, or increased pain at the catheter or tube insertion site
- Increased bleeding or other leakage from site
- 恶心或呕吐
- 腹部疼痛
- 头晕或虚弱
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right 走了.
参考文献
- 血液透析. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive 及肾脏疾病网站. 可以在: http://www.的趋势.国家卫生研究院.gov/治愈th-information/肾脏-disease/肾脏-failure/血液透析.
- 血液透析. National Kidney Foundation website. 可用 在:http://www.肾脏.org/atoz/content/血液透析.
- Peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. EBSCO 力学的网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/management/peritoneal-dialysis-for-end-stage-renal-disease.